Plenty of experts argue that anyone who wants to develop a skill, play an instrument, or lead their field should start early, focus intensely, and rack up as many hours of deliberate practice as possible. If you dabble or delay, youll never catch up to the people who got a head start. But a closer look at research on the worlds top performers, from professional athletes to Nobel laureates, shows that early specialization is the exception, not the rule.

David Epstein examined the worlds most successful athletes, artists, musicians, inventors, forecasters and scientists. He discovered that in most fieldsespecially those that are complex and unpredictablegeneralists, not specialists, are primed to excel. Generalists often find their path late, and they juggle many interests rather than focusing on one. Theyre also more creative, more agile, and able to make connections their more specialized peers cant see.

Provocative, rigorous, and engrossing,Rangemakes a compelling case for actively cultivating inefficiency. Failing a test is the best way to learn. Frequent quitters end up with the most fulfilling careers. The most impactful inventors cross domains rather than deepening their knowledge in a single area. As experts silo themselves further while computers master more of the skills once reserved for highly focused humans, people who think broadly and embrace diverse experiences and perspectives will increasingly thrive.